美国海洋经济发展现状、产业分布与趋势判断

The Status Quo, Industrial Distribution and Trend Judgment of the U.S. Marine Economy

采用ENOW监测数据(2005—2015年)以及NOAA2018年公布的《美国海洋和五大湖经济报告》(2015年数据),研究美国海洋经济发展现状、产业分布,最新动态和趋势。研究结论:(1)2015年,海洋和五大湖经济提供就业岗位320万个,创造3200亿美元GDP,贡献了全国2.3%的就业和1.8%的国内生产总值;(2)滨海旅游业、海洋矿业、海洋交通运输业是美国海洋经济的支柱产业,各海洋产业的空间分布各具特色;(3)德克萨斯、加利福尼亚、佛罗里达和纽约是美国海洋经济的重点地区;(4)近几年,美国总统特朗普系列海洋政策的出台将对美国海洋经济发展产生重要影响,并可能进一步影响我国经济安全,在海洋矿业和海洋生物资源业上表现尤为明显。最后,进一步讨论并提出我国海洋经济发展和管理的思考建议。

The ENOW monitoring data(2005-2015)and the U.S.Ocean and Great Lakes Economic Report(2015 data)published by NOAA in 2018 are used to study the current status,industrial distribution,latest developments and trends of the U.S.marine economy.Research conclusions are as follows:(1)in 2015,the ocean and the Great Lakes economy provided 3.2 million jobs,created$320 billion GDP,contributed 2.3%of the country's employment and 1.8%of GDP;(2)coastal tourism,ocean mining and marine transportation industry is the pillar industry of the U.S.marine economy,the spatial distribution of each marine industry has its own characteristics;(3)Texas,California,Florida and New York are the key areas of the U.S.marine economy;(4)during recent years,the introduction of the U.S.President Trump's series of marine policies will have an important impact on the development of marine economy in the U.S.,and may further affect economic security of our country,especially in the marine mining and marine biological resources industry.Finally,this article further discusses and puts forward suggestions for the development and management of marine economy in China.