东盟的“再工业化”:政策、优势及挑战

ASEAN’s Re-industrialization: Policy, Strengths and Challenges

20世纪90年代,东盟工业史上出现"去工业化"趋势,导致产业"空心化"。伴随美国"再工业化"的影响和东盟诸国自身发展的需求,东盟国家意识到制造业对提振国民经济的重要性,纷纷提出"再工业化"发展战略。通过推行"差异化"发展战略,出台系列优惠政策,发展互联互通,制定工业4.0等政策措施,重点复兴三大传统产业和大力鼓励六大新兴产业发展。受发达国家再工业化及东盟区域内工业基础薄弱等因素掣肘,除个别国家某些优势产业外,东盟国家新兴产业发展空间不大,前景不容乐观。然而,以钢铁、水泥和纺织服装为代表的传统工业得益于东盟再工业化的政策措施,在生产体系中处于比较优势,拥有较大发展空间。

In the 1990s,the trend of"de-industrialization"appeared in the industrial history of ASEAN,which led to "hollowing"of the industry. Based on the influence of US "re-industrialization"and the development needs of ASEAN countries,the ASEAN countries have already realized the importance of manufacturing to boost the national economy and have proposed"re-industrialization"development strategy. Through the implementation of the"differentiated"development strategy,introducing a series of preferential policies,developing interconnection and intercommunication,and to formulate policies and measures such as Industry 4. 0,have focused on revitalizing the three traditional industries and vigorously encouraging the development of the six emerging industries. Due to the re-industrialization of developed countries and the weak industrial base in the ASEAN region,apart from certain advantageous industries in some countries,there is little room for development of emerging industries,and the prospects are not optimistic. Thanks to the ASEAN re-industrialization policy measures and the comparative advantage in the production system,traditional industries represented by steel,cement and textiles and garments have great room for development.