时间视角下工作价值观的结构访谈：基于重要性排序的分析

The Structured Interview of Work Values from Time Perspective: Order of Importance

目的:了解出生于60年代、70-80年代、90年代被试过去、现在、未来择业时,其工作价值观要素之间的相对重要性是否表现出代际和生涯发展的差异。方法:对403位被试进行结构访谈,要求被试依据自己在刚参加工作时、现在重新选择工作时和将来选择工作时对15个最具代表性的工作价值观要素的重要性的理解和考虑,对这15个因素按照重要程度(1-最重要,15-最不重要)排一个顺序。结果:①90年代被试择业时较看重稳定安全、环境舒适、压力小、社会地位,而60年代和70-80年代被试择业时更加看重能力匹配与发挥、符合兴趣、学习成长、晋升;②60年代被试过去更看重工作地点、能力匹配与发挥、学习成长、晋升、社会地位、酬薪等要素,现在和未来更看重照顾家人、压力小、休闲旅游、工作自由等要素;70-80年代被试过去和现在择业更加看重薪酬、能力匹配与发挥、学习成长、晋升等要素,而未来择业时更看重和注重稳定安全、照顾家人、休闲旅游、工作自由等;90年代被试过去和现在择业时更加看重能力匹配与发挥、符合兴趣、学习成长、晋升、薪酬等要素,未来择业时更看重稳定安全、照顾家人、休闲旅游、工作自由等。结论:①较年轻的一代更看重稳定安全、环境舒适、压力小、社会地位的择业要素,较年长的一代看重能力匹配与发挥、符合兴趣、学习成长、晋升的择业要素;②在个人生涯发展的早期和中期阶段,更看重能力匹配与发挥、学习成长、晋升、社会地位、酬薪等择业要素,个人生涯的后期阶段,更看重稳定安全、照顾家人、休闲旅游、工作自由等择业要素。

Objective:To find out whether the relative importance of 15 major factors about work values could reflect the differences of inter-generational change and life stage development.Methods:We recruited 403 participants for struc?tured interview,and rank the 15 major factors according their importance when people are looking for a job.Results:①The‘90 s generation value stable safety,environment comfort,low pressure and social statue when choosing a job;‘60 s and‘70-80 s generation value ability matching and performance,conforming with interest,learning growth and promotion;②The‘60 s generation value job location,ability matching and performance,learning growth,social status,salary in past and value care for family,low pressure,leisure travel,work freedom in present and future;‘70-80 s generation value salary,ability matching and performance,learning growth,promotion in past and present and value stable security,care for family,leisure travel,work freedom in the future;‘90 s generation value ability matching and performance,conforming with inter?est,learning growth,promotion,salary in past and present and value stable security,care for family,leisure travel,work free?dom in future.Conclusion:Because of social change and personal life stage development,the ranks of values’relative im?portance changed,and showed differences in inter-generation and life stages.