制备3D打印骨组织工程支架修复骨缺损的特征

Preparation of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffold

背景:在骨缺损修复治疗中,为了恢复损伤处相应组织结构往往需要骨支架材料的植入。3D打印技术可精确模拟人体骨骼形貌并应用于骨组织修复和重建,这为骨缺损修复治疗提供了新的解决途径。目的:介绍3D打印骨组织工程支架的制备技术及材料选取,总结其在骨缺损修复治疗的应用。方法:作者以"3D printing materials,3D printing technology,bone defect,bone tissue engineering,active substances,clinical application;3D打印材料,3D打印技术,骨缺损,骨组织工程,活性物质,临床应用"为关键词,检索2009至2019年期间PubMed、Web of Science、Springerlink、Medline、万方、CNKI数据库中发表的相关文献。结果与结论:与传统制造技术相比,3D打印技术可制备出个性化及内部结构精确性的骨组织工程支架,能够克服传统支架内部结构可调控性差、外形与缺损处不匹配等缺陷。目前应用于骨组织支架制备的3D打印技术主要有熔融沉积成型、选择性激光烧结和近年来关注度比较大的生物3D打印等。目前较常使用的3D打印材料主要为金属、生物陶瓷、高分子聚合物和多种材料构成的复合材料等。3D打印骨组织支架在临床骨缺损治疗中不仅可很大程度上缩短手术和恢复时间,并且在术前诊断和术后康复上也有非常大的作用。

BACKGROUND:In the repair of bone defects,it is often necessary to implant the bone scaffold material to restore the corresponding tissue structure at the injury site.3D printing technology can accurately simulate human bone morphology and can be applied to bone tissue repair and reconstruction,which provides a new solution for bone defect repair.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the preparation technology and material selection of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffold,and to summarize its application in bone defect repair.METHODS:The authors retrieved PubMed,Web of Science,Springerlink,Medline,Wanfang and CNKI databases with“3D printing materials,3D printing technology,bone defect,bone tissue engineering,active substances,clinical application”as search terms for relevant articles published from 2009 to 2019.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with traditional manufacturing technology,the bone tissue engineering scaffold prepared by the 3D printing technology has the unique advantages of individualization,accurate internal structure and can overcome the defects such as poor controllability of the internal structure of the conventional scaffold,mismatch between the shape and the defect.The emergence of 3D printing technology provides a new solution to the problems encountered in the preparation of the above traditional bone tissue scaffold.The 3D printing technology applied to the preparation of bone tissue scaffold mainly includes fused deposition molding,selective laser sintering,and biological 3D printing with relatively large attention in recent years.At present,the more commonly used 3D-printed materials are mainly metal,bioceramic,high molecular polymer and the composite materials composed of various materials.3D printed bone tissue scaffold can not only shorten the time of surgery and recovery in clinical bone defect treatment,but also plays an important role in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative rehabilitation.