381例农村老年人积极老化现状及其影响因素分析

Current Status of Active Aging of 381 Rural Seniors and Its Influence Factors

目的了解农村老年人积极老化现状,分析其影响因素。方法采取便利抽样方法,于2018年8—9月抽取湖南省武冈市龙田乡、头堂乡、安乐乡及大甸乡的381名老年人作为调查对象。采用积极老化量表、生命意义感量表及健康自我管理能力测评量表对其进行调查,积极老化得分经对数转换符合正态分布后,采用多元线性回归分析农村老年人积极老化的影响因素。结果农村老年人积极老化、生命意义感与健康自我管理总得分分别为80.00(73.00,86.00)、27.00(24.00,30.00)、(124.77±13.00)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,个人月均收入水平、是否患有慢性疾病、生命意义感及健康自我管理能力进入回归方程(P<0.01),共解释农村老年人积极老化变异的66.5%。结论农村老年人积极老化处于中等水平,受生命意义感、健康自我管理能力、个人月均收入、是否患慢性疾病的影响。应重点关注生命意义感差、健康自我管理能力低、个人平均月收入低及患慢性病的农村老年人,建议农村医务人员积极开展健康教育,采取多媒体录像、演讲及同伴教育等健康教育措施,加强农村老年人对健康自我管理的认知及行为;对患慢性疾病的老年人建立电子健康档案,实现家庭-社区-医疗机构的网络化管理,通过采取有针对性的综合干预措施,如药物治疗、康复训练和心理疏导等;对生命意义感低的老年人,鼓励其表述自己内心的痛苦、对未来的担忧及对生命的态度并进行正向的引导,帮助其树立积极、乐观的生活态度,协助寻找生命意义感,以促进积极老化。

Objective To understand the current status of active aging of rural seniors and analyze its influence factors.Methods With convenience sampling method,381 elderly people from Longtian Town,Toutang Town,Anle Town and Dadian Town in Wugang City,Hunan Province were selected as subjects from August to September 2018 and they were investigated by using Positive Aging Scale,the Sense of Life Scale and Health Self-management Ability Scale.Positive aging scores were logarithmically transformed into normal distribution,and then the multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the positive aging of rural seniors.Results The total scores of active aging,sense of life meaning and health self-management of rural seniors were 80.00(73.00,86.00),27.00(24.00,30.00)and 124.77±13.00,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that average monthly income,presence or absence of chronic diseases,the sense of life meaning and health self-management ability entered the regression equation(P<0.01),which explained 66.5%of the total variation of active aging in rural seniors.Conclusion Active aging of rural seniors is at a mediate level,which is affected by the sense of life meaning,health self-management ability,average monthly income and whether they suffer from chronic diseases.Emphasis should be placed on seniors with poor sense of life meaning,those with poor health self-management ability,those with low average personal monthly income and those with chronic diseases.Multi-form health education such as videos,speech and peer health education are beneficial to strengthening the management of health behavior.Targeted comprehensive intervention measures such as drug treatment,rehabilitation training and psychological counseling,encouraging elderly people with low sense of life meaning to express their inner pain,worry about the future and attitude towards life,and positive guidance will be conducive to helping them establish a positive and optimistic attitude towards life and find the sense of life meaning,so as to promote positive aging.