“与物为春”——《聊斋志异》中的动物生态伦理及其人文情怀

HarmonyBetween Human Beings and Nature——Animal Ecology Ethics and Its Humanistic Implications in Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio

《聊斋志异》对动物和动物精怪的描写,强调人与动物的平等和睦,表达了崇尚生命的理念。《聊斋志异》对动物描写的新变化源于明清时期动物生态伦理观的变化,这种变化体现在放生观念上。蒲松龄的放生思想吸收了儒家仁者爱物和释家的慈悲思想,其小说中的放生描写立足于对生命的终极关怀,是其人生体验的投影,融入了一种感伤情调。《聊斋志异》中的变形故事则体现了万物一体观念,是向自然的复归,又有批判讽刺和象征意义。《聊斋志异》对动物和动物精怪的选择性描写,体现了作者的人生寄托和理想追求,生态伦理、宗教观念和文人情怀结合到了一起。

The descriptions of animals and evil animal spirits in Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio emphasize the equality and harmony between humans and animals,thus expressing the life-advocating concept.The new change in the accounts of animals in Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio stems from the change in the animal ecological ethics in the Ming and Qing dynasties.This change is reflected in the concept of setting captive animals free.Pu Songling’s release thought absorbs the compassionate thoughts of Confucian benevolence and Buddhist mercy spirit.The release description in his novels is grounded on the ultimate concern for life,a projection of his life experience,with a sentimental mood.The metamorphosis story in Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio embodies the concept of integration of all things,the return to nature,and the criticism and symbolism.The description of the choice of animals and evil animal spirits in the novel reflects the author’s life sustenance and ideal pursuit,combined with ecological ethics,religious concepts and literati feelings.