关于中国国家图书馆与美国国会图书馆缴送制度的比较研究

Comparative Study of Legal Deposit Laws of the National Library of China and the U.S. Library of Congress

中国国家图书馆和美国国会图书馆在各自国家有着比较相似的职能和地位,但是却有着迥然不同的图书缴送制度。与美国国会图书馆相比,中国国家图书馆的出版物缴送制度列入法律实施的时间尚短,执行时相对独立,基本运用行政处罚的方式,并且缺少一定的灵活性。中国国家图书馆可选择性地吸取美国国会图书馆缴送制度的优点,例如采用罚金的单一形式对缴送不利者予以惩罚,以此提高中国国家图书馆出版物缴送的效率和质量,更好地履行其国家总书库的职能。

Even though the National Library of China and the U.S.Library of Congress have similar functions within each country,they have vastly different legal deposit laws.Compared to the legal deposit laws serving the U.S.Library of Congress,the laws for the National Library of China are newly enacted,independently administered,reliant on administrative punishment,and lacking in flexibility.The National Library of China can selectively adopt positive characteristics from the legal deposit laws serving the U.S.Library of Congress,such as its exclusive use of monetary punishment when the legal deposit requirements are not met.Reflections on the differences in contrast to the U.S.Library of Congress can improve the quality and efficiency of the legal deposit laws serving the National Library of China and further expand its library collections.