洪武十五年方许通祀孔子探由

Reasons about the approval of nationwide Confucius ceremony until the 15th year of the Hongwu Reign

洪武开国之后,一方面重视尊孔兴教,另一方面迟至洪武十五年(1382)才许可天下通祀孔子。究其缘由,除了朱元璋的个人好恶因素之外,主要由当时的政局、民生以及乐器制作等客观背景限制。洪武前期内外政局尚不稳固,也不具备通祀孔子的经济条件,大成乐器的制作更是困难重重。通祀诏书颁布当年,朱元璋就亲自祭孔,随之确立“自后嗣君即位,必亲一释奠”的祖制。其后,祭祀日臻成熟,朱元璋甚至亲自规划国学孔庙建设,并最终建立从上到下、从中央到地方的通祀孔子体系。

After the birth of Ming dynasty,Hongwu court,on one hand,respected Confucius and prospered Confucian education,on the other hand,did not approve of nationwide Confucius worship until the15th year.It was mainly due to the political situation,economical condition and musical instrument making at that time,besides Zhu Yuanzhang's personal emotions.The political situation inward and outside was unstable;economical condition was far from mature and the making of sacrifice musical instruments was extremely difficult.Zhu Yuanzhang also laid down the new regulation that new emperor should attend the Confucius ceremony by himself on the throne,once at least.With the increasing complete rituals,Zhu Yuanzhang who even directed the construction plan of Confucius Temple by himself created a thorough Confucius ceremony system from top to bottom,from the central to the local governments.