清醒梦的心理学研究

The psychological studies on lucid dreaming

清醒梦是梦的一种特殊形式,是个体能觉察到自己在做梦的做梦状态,在部分情况下,个体甚至能够控制梦境中部分事物或内容的出现或发生。本文从清醒梦的功能、相关因素及其神经机制等角度,对清醒梦研究四十年来的发展历程和最新进展进行了梳理。整体来看,清醒梦主要出现在快速眼动睡眠期间,大约58%的人曾经至少经历过一次清醒梦。在清醒梦中,人们可能同时体验到初级和次级两种意识状态。清醒梦可以自发产生,也可以通过外界手段诱发。在特定情景下,清醒梦可以作为心理治疗和技能训练的补充手段。前额叶、颞叶、顶叶等脑区在清醒梦时出现显著的激活。清醒梦作为一种独特的意识状态,无论其研究还是应用价值都值得重视。

As a unique form of dreaming,lucid dreaming has entered the realm of scientific research from 1978.Here we summarized these efforts in 40 years concerning about its functions,interpretations,correlates and neural mechanism.In general,lucid dreaming tends to appear during rapid-eye-movement sleep,about 58%of people reported they experienced at once of the lucid dreaming.During the lucid dreaming,people can experience primary and secondary conscious states simultaneously.Lucid dreaming usually is produced spontaneously,but can be induced in certain situations.Lucid dreaming can be used as a therapy and training technique.During the lucid dreaming,prefrontal,temporal and parietal cortices showed more activation.As a particular state of consciousness,its value and application in basic and applied researches should be taken seriously.