社区福利的空间差异——清代山东运河区域慈善事业研究

Spatial Difference of Community Welfare:Research on the Charity of Shandong Canal Area in the Qing Dynasty

清初山东运河区域各州县大力整顿明代形成的以里甲制度为基础的养济院救济体系。运河南北区域显著的社会差异,使得普济堂运作呈现截然不同的经营时态。乾嘉时期,同为运河沿线重要城市的临清、聊城远不及济宁的慈善救济机构种类齐全,运作规范,原因主要在于济宁拥有势力强大的城市精英,社会力量参与社区福利的积极性高涨。聊城、临清的繁荣更多仰赖外资的带动,本土地方精英势力弱小,势力强大的外商对地方公共事务热情并不高涨。晚清战乱,附属各县社会救助走向衰落,新的善会善堂开始向济宁、临清、德州为代表的区域核心城市汇聚,以养济院、普济堂为核心的固有救助格局被彻底打破。

The early Qing Dynasty,the prefectures and counties in the Shandong Canal area vigorously rectified the relief system of the Yangji Institute based on the Lijia system formed in the Ming Dynasty.At the same time,the disadvantages of the Yangji Institute were highlighted.Wang Shijun,the governor of Hedong,vigorously advocated and mobilized social forces to promote the construction of Pujitang with remarkable results.The significant social differences between the north and the south of the canal area have made the operation of the Pujitang present different business tenses.During the Qianlong and Jiaqing period,Linqing and Liaocheng,which are important cities along the canal,are far from the complete range of charitable relief institutions in Jining.In the late Qing Dynasty,the social assistance of the affiliated counties went down.The new Shanhui Church began to gather in the regional core cities represented by Jining,Linqing and Dezhou,and the inherent rescue pattern centered on the Yangji Institute and Pujitang was completely broken.