江西萍乡地区傩庙建筑审美文化研究

The Aesthetic Culture of Exorcise Temple in Pingxiang District of Jiangxi Province

萍乡傩是赣傩乃至中国傩文化的重要组成部分,其文化系统主要由傩面、傩舞、傩庙构成。其中傩庙建筑是萍乡傩文化在物质层面的重要表现,是民间信仰、宗族文化和商贸活动综合作用的产物,具有丰富的建筑审美文化内涵。该文以建筑美学研究方法为基础,借鉴宗教学、文化人类学的研究方法和研究成果,对傩庙典型实例包括小枧傩庙、石洞口傩庙、德化庵等进行案例分析,指出傩庙单体形制一般采用当地天井式民居样式,在群体布局组成上包括庙宇、戏台、酒楼等固定元素。表现在建筑审美文化上,萍乡傩庙表现出在形态建构上的务实性态度,功能布局的娱乐性心理,以及空间意境的神秘性体验等特征。

The exorcise culture of Pingxiang is an important part of Jiangxi and Chinse exorcise culture,which is consisted of exorcise mask,exorcise dance and exorcise temple.Among these,exorcise temple is an important factor in the material level of Pingxiang exorcise culture,it is a phenomena which caused by folk religion,clan culture,and business activities,which has a rich architectural aesthetic value.Based on the method of architectural aesthetics,and combined with the studies of religion and cultural anthropology,we analyzed some typical examples like Xiaojian Temple,Shidongkou Temple,and Dehua Temple,and drew a conclusion that the main building of exorcise temples were often constructed by the style of local vernacular dwellings,and in the layout which usually consisted of temple,drama stage,and restaurant.In aesthetic culture,the exorcise temple presented a pragmatic attitude in construction of the building form,and an entertainment psychology in the function of layout,and a mysterious experience in the space feeling.