论方孝孺对宋濂文章观念的继承与新变

Fang Xiaoru’s Inheritance and New Changes of Song Lian’s Opinions on Article Writing

方孝孺在文章观念上与他的老师宋濂渊源颇深,这在文道关系、师法“六经”以及道、气、辞之关系等方面有着明显的体现。对于文章之功用,方孝孺进一步凸显其社会功能,提出了“明道、立政”的主张,显然比宋濂极端。也由于对文章功用的过度关注,方孝孺对宋代散文评价甚高,在师法对象上又比其师狭隘,但在重道的同时,他也十分重视为文之法,强调为文过程中的“神会”,追求“辞达”而“意奇”,体现出辞章之士的一面。方孝孺对宋濂文章观念的继承与新变,既是师缘、乡缘等特殊关系的产物,也是朱明王朝取代蒙元政权后意识形态重建趋于加强的体现。

Fang Xiaoru’s opinions on article writing originate from his teacher Song Lian, which areobviously manifested in many aspects, such as the relationship between literature and Dao, imitating and sixclassics and the relation of Dao, Qi and Ci. Nonetheless, in the matter of the purpose of article, Fang Xiaoruadvocates the concept of Knowing the truth and Setting up the policies, which further highlights the socialpurpose of article and is more extreme than Song Lian’s concept. On account of the excessive concern to thearticle use, Fang Xiaoru has a very high evaluation on Song dynasty’s prose and has a more parochial imitatingobject than Song Lian. Fang Xiaoru highly evaluates Dao. In the meantime, he also attaches importance to themethod of article, which reflects the feature of man of letters. He emphasizes the importance of mentalconception during writing, pursues faithful expression and distinctive meaning of words.