整形和水分胁迫对紫香无核葡萄叶片光合特性的影响

Effects of training system and water stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of Zixiang Seedless grape leaves based on photosynthetic models

为了认识干旱区葡萄整形方式和水分胁迫对葡萄叶片光合生理过程影响的规律,本文测定果实膨大期紫香无核葡萄在水分胁迫条件下传统树形和高“厂”树形叶片光合对光照、CO2响应曲线,应用光合模型拟合出葡萄在光合生理过程关键特征参数,并测定各处理叶片叶绿素、叶绿素荧光特性及果实品质。研究结果表明:水分胁迫可以降低紫香无核葡萄的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,进而降低叶片的净光合速率,且水分胁迫后高“厂”树形的水分利用率更高;水分胁迫显著降低2种树形葡萄叶片的最大光合速率,高“厂”树形叶片的最大光合速率和对弱光的利用能力以及对高浓度CO2的利用要优于传统树形,使传统树形的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量显著降低,而高“厂”树形未受影响;高“厂”树形的光化学效率总体高于传统树形;水分胁迫能够显著降低葡萄产量,高“厂”树形的单果重和果实品质最佳。由此得出以下结论:整形方式和水分胁迫对葡萄的光合特性都有显著影响;高“厂”树形在正常灌溉和水分胁迫后,其整体光合性能的表现以及果实品质优于传统树形。

In order to understand the law of the effects of training systems and water stress on photosynthetic physiological processes of grape leaves in arid regions,this study Zixiang seedless grape was taken as test material.During the fruit expansion,leaves photosynthetic response curves to light intensity and CO2 concentration under water stress condition with level trellies and high-trunk trellis were detected.The photosynthetic model was used to fit the key photosynthetic parameters.The chlorophyll,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,and fruit quality of each treated were tested.The results show that:Water stress significantly reduced Zixiang seedless grape P n,G s,C i,T rm.At water stress condition,grape with high-trunk trellis water utilization rate was higher.According to the light response curve and CO2 response curve,the Pmax,AQY and Cisat of the high-trunk trellis were higher than the level trellies.After drought stress,the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of level trellies decreased significantly.The overall photochemical efficiency of high-trunk trellis was higher than that of level trellieslevel trellies.After drought stress,grape yield of‘Zixiang seedless’decreased significantly.Grape yield and soluble solids content of high-trunk trelliswere higher than level trellies.The conclusion is as follows:The training system and water conditions had a significant impact on grape Photosynthetic Characteristics.The canopy structure of high-trunk trellis was better than the level trellies.Moreover,At water stress condition,the berry yield and quality of high-trunk trellis was better than the level trellies.