中国对非援助70年——理念与实践创新

China’s Foreign Aid to Africa at Seventy——Innovations in Theory and Practice

新中国成立后不久开始对非援助,并在相当长时间内成为中国对外经济交往最重要的内容。70年来,根据中非双方不同的发展诉求,中国对非援助的指导思想也相应调整。从万隆会议后大力支持非洲国家民族自强,到中国改革开放以来重点推动中非双方的平等互利与共同发展,再到十八大后习近平主席作为国家元首首访非洲提出共建“中非命运共同体”,中国对非援助呈现出鲜明的阶段性特点。在援助理念上,中国对非援助不附加政治条件、尊重受援国自主发展是对西方主导的功利化援助的突破。在援助实践上,不同于西方国家试图通过对外援助延续宗主国影响的做法,中国对非援助从非洲国家的发展现状和需求出发,在国别援助政策设计上主动与非洲国家发展战略对接,以最大限度呼应受援国的发展诉求;在援助领域上侧重于提升生产能力以培育自主发展能力;在管理模式上,将项目管理与资金管理分离以避免腐败和道德陷阱。如今,面对“百年未有之大变局”,中国对非援助的意义和价值也正在超越中非关系的范畴,影响着全球发展治理格局的变革。面对新的时代要求,中国对非援助应该在总结和继承历史经验的基础上实现新突破。

China’s aid to Africa began almost immediately after the founding of the People’s Republic and had long been the principal form of Beijing’s economic relations with the outside world.Over the past seventy years,China has adjusted the guidelines of its Africa aid policy according to the two sides’development needs.After the Bandung Conference,China vigorously supported African nations’liberation and national independence.After the launch of China’s reform and opening-up program,Beijing’s aid focused on Sino-African cooperation on an equal footing for common development.Since the 18th Party Congress in late 2012,China has increased its aid to Africa under President Xi Jinping’s proposal of a Sino-African community with a shared future.Contrary to Western practice,China’s aid policy attaches no political slings and respects the recipients’autonomy.Nor does China provides foreign assistance as a new form of colonization or suzerainty.Instead,Beijing’s aid has been tailored to African nations’needs and realities.In designing country programs,Beijing intends for its aid policies to better align with Africa’s national development strategies,giving priority to helping build recipients’own capacity and productivity.In a new historic era,going beyond bilateral cooperation,the significance of China’s aid to Africa ripples across the global development landscape.More creativity and innovation are required for China to make contributions to global development.