马克思商业资本理论及其对我国零售经营的启示——零售商业自营与联营模式选择的理论辨析

Marx’s Commercial Capital Theory and Its Enlightenment to China’s Retail Operation: Theoretical Analysis of the Choice of Self-operation and Associated Operation Modes of Retail Commerce

零售是商品从生产或流通领域转入消费领域的最后一道环节,是最能代表商品运行终极目标的贸易形式。依照马克思商业资本理论,联营不过是产业资本在商业领域的延伸,自营才是商业资本本质体现。放弃自营、普遍联营将使商人作为商人专门经营商品的技能退化,商业资本的独立性、预付性、循环性和增值性消失,零售商业也将失去存在的意义。零售经营回归商业资本的本质特性、商品交换媒介的一般职能和商人的专业职能,既是助推零售行业高效发展、竞争力提升的有效途径,也是促进消费升级、打造贸易强国的必然选择。

Retail is the last link from production or circulation to consumption,and it is the most representative form of trade for the ultimate goal of commodity operation.According to Marx′s theory of commercial capital,associated operation is just the extension of industrial capital in the commercial field,and self-operation is the essence of commercial capital.Abandoning self-operation for associated operation will make the merchant′s skill of specializing in commodities as a mer?chant degenerate.This makes the independence,prepayment,circulation and value-added of commercial capital disap?pear,and retail commerce will also lose its meaning of existence.Retail operation should return to the essential character?istics of commercial capital,the general function of commodity exchange media and the professional functions of mer?chant.It is not only an effective way to promote the efficient development and competitiveness of retail industry,but also an inevitable choice to promote consumption upgrading and build a powerful trading country.