国土空间生态修复:概念思辨与理论认知

Ecological Restoration for Territorial Space: Basic Concepts and Foundations

研究目的:通过对国土空间生态修复的概念进行辨析,探讨国土空间生态修复的内涵、理论基础及相关重要研究内容,以期阐明从生态修复到国土空间生态修复的认知转变。研究方法:文献综述与综合分析法。研究结果:(1)国土空间生态修复是以不同空间尺度范围内受损或缺乏稳定与安全性的生态系统为对象,通过国土要素的空间结构调整与优化和生态功能修整与重建以及辅以中宏观尺度上的生态工程等系统性措施,以修复生态系统过程和提升生态系统服务的治理活动,最终实现生态系统健康、景观生态安全和区域可持续发展;(2)根据人类活动对于生态系统的不同干扰和影响程度,国土空间生态修复可划分为国土空间生态恢复、国土空间生态整治和国土空间生态重建三大类型的研究内容;(3)区域背景、景观异质性、人类活动、社会经济等都与生态系统相互交融,将这些要素与生态修复有机结合的过程对国土空间生态修复提出了更高的要求。研究结论:面对中国的区域性生态问题,退化生态系统的“整体保护、系统修复、综合治理”的实现,需以国土空间生态修复作为重要抓手。

Based on distinguishing the concepts,connotations,theoretical basis and other related important contents of ecological restoration for territorial space,the purpose of this paper is to clarify the cognitive changes from the concept of ecological restoration to ecological restoration for territorial space.The methods of literature review and comprehensive analysis are used.The results show that:1)this paper defines the damaged,unstable or threatened ecosystems as the objects of the ecological restoration for territorial space in different spatial scales.And the main task of ecological restoration for territorial space is to adjust and optimize the spatial structure of territorial spatial elements,and to repair and reconstruct ecological functions of ecosystems,supplemented by related means of ecological engineering on medium-macro scales.The goal of ecological restoration for territorial space is to restore ecological processes,improve ecosystem services,maintain ecosystem health and landscape ecological security and ultimately realize regional sustainable development.2)According to different disturbances and influences of human activities on ecosystems,the ecological restoration for territorial space can be divided into three levels:ecological recovery,comprehensive repair and ecological reconstruction of territorial space.3)The relationships among the regional characteristics,landscape heterogeneity,human activities and social and economic conditions are complicated,interrelated and interact with each other.And how to integrate all the relationships becomes one of the most important tasks of ecological restoration for territorial space.In conclusion,resolving China’s environmental issues should follow the principles of“integrated protection,systematic restoration and comprehensive management”for degraded ecosystems and should take the implementation of ecological restoration for territorial space as the primary strategy.