伊尹与早期黄老之学

The Relationship Between Yi Yin and Early Huang-Lao Daoism

先秦文献中有大量关于伊尹的记载,伊尹也成为诸子依托的对象,但其中最推崇伊尹的当属黄老学。通过对《吕氏春秋·先己》、帛书《九主》、清华简《汤处于汤丘》《汤在啻门》等四篇文章的探讨,可以看出其中具有浓厚的黄老学思想,当是《汉志》所载道家类《伊尹》类文献。伊尹成为黄老学代言人的原因主要有:伊尹与儒墨的关系不如尧舜那样密切,客观上为伊尹成为黄老学象征提供了有利条件;伊尹的帝师身份与黄老学文献多为帝师类文献相合;伊尹事迹和传说与黄老学思想具有一致性。

The pre-Qin literature had a large number of records on Yi Yin and Yi Yin had been the relying object of scholars in the pre-Qin Dynasty,of which Huang-Lao Daoism was the school that most admired Yi Yin.Through the discussion of"Xianji"in Lv′s Spring and Autumn Annals,the silk text Jiu Zhu,Tsinghua Bamboo slip Tang Chuyu Tangzhiqiu and Tang Zai Chimen,we found Huang-Lao Daoism were reflected in the Daoist Yi Yin recorded in the Hanshu Yiwenzhi.The reasons that Yi Yin became the represent?ative of Huang-Lao Daoism were as follows:first,unlike Yao and Shun,Yi Yin was not so close to Confucianism and Moism in relation?ship,which provided beneficial conditions for Yi Yin being the symbol of Huang-Lao Daoism;second,Yi Yin as the emperor master accorded with Huang-Lao literature as emperor master records;third,Yi Yin′s deeds and legends conformed with Huang-Lao ideas.