紫花苜蓿翻耕对高寒地区烤烟生长的影响

Effects of alfalfa tillage on growth of tobacco in alpine region

以紫花苜蓿为供试绿肥,设置了3个绿肥翻耕批次和3个施肥配比,研究了不同翻耕批次和施肥配比对高寒地区烤烟农艺性状、SPAD值、光合特性以及经济性状的影响。结果表明,Y3-3(翻耕苜蓿3批+减量30%施肥)处理除对叶片数无显著影响外,能够提高烤烟的株高,茎围,最大叶面积,分别较对照提高95.82%,24.31%和74.13%,增加烤烟叶绿素含量,改善光合生理特性,与对照相比,净光合速率,气孔导度,水分利用率分别提高46.55%,27.58%和28.33%,从而提升烤烟的单叶质量、产量和产值等。本研究发现,Y3-1(翻耕苜蓿3批+不施肥)处理烤烟的上等烟比例效果较好。经综合分析,针对牡丹江这一特定的高寒地区,翻耕苜蓿3批(翻耕时间为2016-09-18,翻耕量为31 320 kg·hm^-2)减量30%施肥处理最有利于烤烟的生长。

Using alfalfa as test green manure,3 tillage batches and 3 fertilization ratios were set to study the effect of different tillage batches and fertilization ratios on agronomic traits,SPAD values,photosynthetic physiological characteristics and economic traits of tobacco in alpine regions.The results showed that the three batches of Y3-3 treatment(the third batch of ploughing alfalfa+fertilizer reduction of 30%)had no significant effect on the number of leaves,but it could increase the plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf area of tobacco by 95.82%,24.31%and 74.13%,respectively,but the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic physiological characteristics were also increased.Compared with the control,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and water use efficiency increased by 46.55%,27.58%and 28.33%,respectively,resulted in increasing of single leaf weight,yield per mu,and the output value of tobacco.This study found that the three batches of Y3-1 treatment(he third batch of ploughing alfalfa+no fertilization)were the most favorable for the proportion of the top tobacco in tobacco.By comprehensive analysis,the three batches of ploughing(tillage amount of 31 320 kg·hm^-2)and 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer were the most beneficial condition for the growth of in specific alpine region of Mudanjiang.