基于农户受偿意愿的地下水超采区休耕补偿标准研究

Study on compensation rate for fallow program in groundwater over-exploited area based on rural households’ willingness to accept

休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿标准及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:①农户具有较强的节水意识,对休耕政策的认知水平和接受程度都在逐步提升,对休耕政策的节水效果非常认可。休耕政策在“节水”和“养地”两大方面取得了较为显著的生态效益。②2015—2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿整体呈下降趋势,跟农户对休耕政策的认知水平提升、接受程度提升以及近两年样本区域小麦产量有所下降等因素相关。③2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿的估算结果为544.69元/667 m 2·a,略高于当前的补偿标准500元/667 m 2·a,说明现有的休耕补偿标准比较合理但略有偏低;略低于冬小麦的亩均纯收益,因为休耕政策能够解放部分农业劳动力和增加农户的闲暇时间,使得农户愿意接受低于冬小麦的单位平均纯收益的补偿标准。④农户的受偿意愿受到个体特征、家庭特征和认知特征的影响,主要包括年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、家庭耕地面积、家庭支出、节水培训、休耕认知和节水政策等因素。在综合考虑生态效益和粮食安全的情况下,在深层地下水严重超采区合理扩大休耕规模。为了改进地下水超采区休耕政策,应当加强对休耕政策的宣传,适当提高休耕的补偿标准,充分考虑农户异质性和尊重农户的参与意愿,可以“集中连片”但并非一定“整村推进”。

The fallow system is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of agriculture,implement‘Storing Grain in Land’,and promote the strategy of rural revitalization.The study of fallow compensation rate is of great significance for improving the fallow system.Based on the sample data of 330 households in Hengshui City,Hebei Province in 2018,this paper analyzed the compensation rate for fallow in groundwater over-exploited area and its influencing factors by using the double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method(CVM).The results showed that:First,farmers had a strong awareness of water saving,and their awareness and acceptance of fallow policy were gradually improving.Second,from 2015 to 2018,farmers’willingness to accept(WTA)of fallow policy showed a downward trend,which was related to the improvement of farmers’awareness of fallow policy,the improvement of farmers’acceptance and the decrease of wheat yield in sample areas in recent years.The fallow policy had achieved significant ecological benefits in terms of‘water saving’and‘land conservation’.Third,in 2018,the estimated household’s willingness to accept for the fallow policy was 544.69 RMB/667 m 2·year,which was slightly larger than the current compensation rate of 500 RMB/667 m 2·year,indicating that the existing fallow compensation rate was reasonable but slightly lower.It was slightly lower than the average net income per unit area of winter wheat,because the fallow policy could liberate part of the agricultural labor force and increase the leisure time of the farmers;therefore the farmers were willing to accept the compensation rate lower than the net income per mu of winter wheat.Fourth,farmers’willingness to accept was affected by individual characteristics,family characteristics and cognitive characteristics,including age,education level,health status,family cultivated land area,family expenditure,water-saving training,fallow awareness and water-saving policies.In consideration of ecological benefits and food security,the scale of fallow should be reasonably expanded in areas with serious over-exploitation of deep groundwater.In order to improve the fallow policy of groundwater over-exploited area,it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the fallow policy,appropriately improve the compensation rate for fallow,fully consider the heterogeneity of farmers and respect the willingness of farmers to participate.Fallow policy can also be implemented in the way of being‘concentrated and contiguous’rather than promoted in the way of‘one whole-village by one whole-village’.