基于分期播种试验的冬小麦越冬冻害调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Winter Wheat Frost Damage Based on Sowing Test Under Different Sowing Dates

基于冬小麦分期播种试验,结合自然大田冬小麦越冬冻害调查实况资料,分析研究2017/2018年偏冷冬年份华北北部冬小麦越冬冻害的成因及对产量的影响。结果表明:适应气候变暖,冬小麦播期推迟,但华北北部播种期不应晚于10月21日,播种期推迟或秸秆还田,应加大播种量,确保出苗率和基本苗。品种推广和生产选种时宜冬性和半冬性品种搭配种植,防御出现“冷冬”导致冬小麦越冬冻害的潜在风险。越冬冻害死苗率每增加1%,其产量减少约1kg·hm^-2。冬小麦播种期受降雨且降水多的影响,晚播,播种质量差以及品种冬性、春性特性差异,除草农药使用不当等是越冬冻害死苗率增加的主要原因。

Based on the data of winter wheat sowing test under different sowing dates and combined with the actual data of winter wheat frost damage survey in natural field,the cause of winter wheat frost damage and the effect on yield of winter wheat were analyzed in northern North China during 2017/2018.The results show that the sowing date of winter wheat was delayed to adapt to climate change.However,the sowing date should not be later than October 21 in northern part of North China.If the sowing date was postponed or the straw was returned to the field,the seeding rate should be increased to ensure the emergence rate and basic seedlings.When the varieties were promoted and produced,the winter and semi-winter varieties should be planted together to prevent the potential risk of winter wheat freezing caused by“cold winter”.The dead seedling rate during overwintering increased by 1%,and the yield decreased by about 1 kg·hm^-2.The sowing period of winter wheat was affected by rainfall and more precipitation.Late sowing and poor sowing quality,differences between winter and spring characteristics of winter wheat varieties,improper use of herbicides and pesticides were the main reasons for increasing the death rate of winter frozen seedlings.