国际汉语教学中的“V起来”构式研究

Study on the "V-qilai" Construction in the Context of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

“V起来”是汉语比较常见的构式之一,其中的“V”主要由动作动词及心理动词充当,也有少量的存现动词符合要求,至于其他如趋向动词之类是不能进入这个构式的。“V起来”构式中“起来”的意义逐渐虚化,整个结构也经历了表示移动意义、推测意义、结果意义的演变,而且最终形成一个固定构式。分析其语法功能可以发现这个构式可以充当主语、谓语、定语、状语、补语等语法成分,且其语用价值具有多面性。在国际汉语教学过程中“V起来”的偏误种类有误用、误加等,造成偏误的原因主要是母语负迁移等因素,针对这些偏误可以采用语块教学理论等教学策略。

"V-qilai"is one of the most common constructions in Chinese,in which"V"is mainly acted by action verbs and psychological verbs,and a small number of existing verbs,but trend verbs cannot be used in this construction.The meaning of"Vqilai"in the construction becomes gradually empty,and the whole structure has undergone an evolution from expressing the meaning of movements,the meaning of speculations to the meaning of results,and finally formed a fixed construction.Through analyzing its grammatical function,it can be seen that this construction can act as the grammatical components of subject,predicate,attributive,adverbial and complement,and its pragmatic value is multifaceted.In the process of teaching Chinese to speakers of other languages,the types of errors of"V-qilai"include misuse,and mis-addition,etc.The main causes of errors include negative transfer from mother tongue and others.For these errors,teaching strategies such as chunk teaching can be adopted.