铝电解槽废耐火材料的危害与处理方法的研究现状

The Harmless of Spent Refractory in Aluminum Electrolysis Cells and Summary of Its treatment

铝电解槽破损后产生大量的废耐火材料。通过对废耐火材料进行物相与成分分析及溶出试验研究,得出铝电解槽废耐火材料主要成分为霞石和氟化物电解质,溶出后溶液显碱性,氟离子大量进入溶液,废耐火材料的主要危害来自于其所含有的可溶氟化物组分。通过对现有的铝电解槽废耐火材料主要处理工艺的优缺点进行分析,得出真空还原蒸馏法在实现废耐火材料中氟化物电解质和金属钠回收的同时也实现了废耐火材料的再生,可实现废耐火材料的全组分回收利用,是一种经济环保的处理方法。

A large number of spent refractory materialsis produced after overhaul of aluminum reduction cells.The XRD and composition of spent refractory materials was analysed,and dissolution experiments were studied in laboratory.The results show that the spent refractory materials is mainly consists of nepheline and flourides,and the leaching solution is alkaline.The concentration of fluoride ion in leaching solution is much higher indicating the main hazards of spent refractory materials is the soluble fluorides.The advantages and disadvantages of existing treatment methods of spent refractory materials are analyzed.The vacuum reduction and distillation process can not only recover fluoride electrolyte and sodium,but also regenerate refractory materials.It can recover all components of spent refractory materials with non-polluting and economic benefits.