大学生体育精神文化需要与锻炼行为的关系研究

A study on the Relationship between College Students’ Spiritual and Cultural Needs and Exercise Behavior

为了探究高校大学生体育锻炼行为和其精神文化需要的特点以及之间关系,研究以阶段变化模型、需要动机理论等理论为基础,采用问卷调查法,通过自编《大学生体育精神文化需要》问卷和《锻炼行为阶段变化》、《锻炼均衡决策》、《锻炼自我效能》问卷,以浙江省5所高校的500名大学生为调查对象,进行分析后发现:①大学男生比女生更倾向参加有规律的锻炼(P值<0.05),且对锻炼的认知更积极;锻炼行为无年级差异,专业差异显著。②体育精神文化需要存在显著的性别差异和专业差异(P值<0.05),但不存在年级差异。男生比女生在交际的需要和娱乐的需要上差异更显著(P值<0.05)。③处在不同锻炼阶段的大学生对体育精神文化需要存在显著差异,锻炼习惯越稳定的学生对求知、娱乐、交际和发展等方面的需要就越明显(P值<0.05)。④大学生锻炼行为与体育精神文化需要之间存在相关关系,具体表现为精神文化需要与均衡决策益处、自我效能间呈显著正相关(P值<0.05)。

In order to explore college students physical exercise behavior and the characteristics of its spiritual and cultural needs,as well as the relationship between them,this study is based on the change of stage of physical exercise behavior model and the theory of need motivation.It adapts the questionnaire survey to collect data.Through the questionnaire of“college sports spirit culture needs”and after the change of and after the change of"physical exercise behavior change stage","Sports","sports decision-making balanced exercise self-efficacy",taking 500 undergraduate students from five universities in Zhejiang province as the object of investigation.The results are as follows:①Male college students are more likely to participate in regular exercise(P<0.05)than female students,and their cognition to exercise more positive.There was no obvious exercise behavior differences in grades,but it does in majors.②The requirement of sports spirit culture has apparent gender differences and professional differences(P<0.05),but there is no grade difference.Male students have more significant differences in communication needs and entertainment needs than female students(P<0.05)③College students in different exercise stages have great differences in spiritual and cultural needs for sports,Students with more stable exercise habits have more obvious needs in knowledge of seeking,entertainment,communication,development etc(P<0.05).④There is a relationship between individual behavior and his/her sports spiritual and cultural needs.The specific performance shows a moderate positive correlation between the spiritual and cultural needs and balanced decision benefits,self-efficacy(P<0.05).