论紧急救助制度——以《民法总则》第184条为中心

On the Emergency Relief System——Taking Article 184 in “General Provisions of Civil Law” as Reference

我国《民法总则》第184条规定的紧急救助制度的完全豁免规则存在着巨大社会隐患,会使很多救助者在施救过程中不考虑手段和方法,造成受助者生命、财产进一步的损害,但却得不到救济。借鉴两大法系“好撒玛利亚人法”的立法和实践经验,在认识紧急救助制度构成要件的基础上,应当规定该条款的限制豁免规则以及受助者权益受损的救济路径,对完善紧急救助制度具有积极的指导意义和良好的实践价值。

The Absolute Immunity rule of the emergency relief system stipulated in article 184 of the“General Provisions of Civil Law”has huge social hidden dangers,which will make many rescuers ignore methods in the process of rescue,causing further damage to the recipient’s life and property without getting proper relief.Drawing on the legislative and practical experience of“good Samaritan law”,on the basis of understanding the constitutive elements of the emergency relief system,we should stipulate the restrictive immunity rules in this clause and the relief path of the recipient’s rights and interests being damaged,which has positive guiding significance and good practical value for improving the emergency relief system.