网约车案件的行政诉讼问题探究——基于132份行政诉讼裁判文书的分析

Administrative Litigation of Online-Booking Taxi Cases:Based on 132 Judgment Papers

网约车案件行政诉讼的类型主要是行政处罚(罚款)和行政强制(扣押车辆)争议,原告绝大部分是网约车司机、被告的类型和名称多样,行政机关作出行政行为的依据主要是各省市的道路运输条例和出租车管理条例。网约车案件行政诉讼存在的问题主要有未追加网约车公司为行政诉讼第三人,缺乏对暂扣或扣押涉案网约车车辆的必要性审查,对陈述、申辩或听证放弃的审查不严,适用错误的法律做出裁判以及行政机关作出行政行为的依据和人民法院裁判依据的冲突。网约车案件行政诉讼的发展趋势是行政许可诉讼及规范性文件附带审查的增加,公平竞争权行政诉讼以及劳动权行政诉讼的出现,顺风车的快速发展以及与网约车经营行为的区分成为重要的争议焦点。

The main types of administrative litigation involving online-booking taxi cases are administrative penalties(fines)and administrative coercion(seizure of vehicles).Most of the plaintiffs are online-booking taxi drivers and the types and names of the defendants are varied.The administrative organs make administrative actions mainly based on the road transport regulations and taxi management regulations of the provinces and cities.The main problems include the lack of ne?cessity review of temporary seizure or seizure of the vehicles involved,the lax review of statement,defense or hearing aban?donment,the application of wrong laws to make judgments,and the conflict between the administrative acts basis and the ref?eree basis of people’s court.The development trends are the increase of administrative licensing litigation and the accompa?nying examination of normative documents,and the emergence of fair competition administrative litigation and labor admin?istrative litigation.The rapid development of hitching and its distinction between online-booking taxi operation have become the focus of important controversy.