现代汉语主观全量构式“要A有/没A”探析

Study of the Subjective Universal Quantitative Construction “Yao A You/Mei A（要 A 有/没 A）” in Modern Chinese

“要A有/没A”是现代汉语中常用的一个构式,具有较高的能产性和表现力。留学生在学习时较容易产生偏误。通过数据统计、文献分析等方法,运用构式语法理论,探讨该构式的语义功能、要素特点、限制条件和句法功能,并得出以下结论:第一,其构式义可概括为:说话人就某主体在某一方面的性状作出主观评价——全量肯定或全量否定;第二,进入该构式的A主要为名词、疑问代词、疑问代词+名词,而且以单音节和双音节为主;第三,该构式有语用条件限制、语义句法条件限制、否定副词和疑问代词连用导致的限制。

With strong productivity and expressive ability,“Yao A You/Mei A(要A有/没A)”is a common construction used in Modern Chinese,which international students can easily produce errors.Based on constructional grammar theory,this paper explores the semantic function,components features,limiting condition and syntactic function of this construction through data statistics and literature analysis.The main result in the thesis can be summarized as follows:First,the meaning of the construction is that a speaker makes a subjective evaluation of subject’s some character in a certain aspect:universal quantitative affirmation or negation.Second,components“A”can be noun,interrogative pronoun or interrogative pronoun with noun.Third,the syntactic function of this construction is flexible,mainly used as predicate or a sentence by itself.