基于优选论的汉韩声调对应分析

A Study on the Chinese-Korean Tonal Correspondence Based on Optimality Theory

韩国15世纪官方材料采用“旁点”描写了汉语四声的区别。从优选论的角度来看,中世纪韩语汉字词通过固定的旁点规则要尽量反映汉语本身的声调特征,因此,旁点标记主要以限制输出形变化的忠实制约被控制。值得关注的是,虽然韩文文献的标记一直表现出与汉语的整齐对应,但是中世纪和近现代的标记具有相互冲突的制约条件及其层级排序,无法反映声调特征和长度特征的转换过程。

This study analyzed the correspondence between the side marks on medieval literature of Korea,the length marks in moderncontemporary Korean and tone of the middle ancient Chinese through optimality theory.In this analysis,the medieval side marks for reflecting Chinese tone as it is were restricted through faithfulness constraints to prevent changes in inputs,and the length marks of modern and contemporary times were being restricted by markedness constraints for converting tone feature into length feature.According to optimality theory,faithfulness constraints and markedness constraints are in conflict with each other,so theoretically,it is problematic to argue that tone features have changed to length features based only on some mark correspondences.Instead,it is possible to do interpretative analysis of the essential differences in the marks on medieval and modern-contemporary literature throughthe constraint changes of those marks.