汉日网络新语·流行语构词法比较――以2009～2018年新语·流行语为例

A Comparison of Word-formation Between Chinese and Japanese Internet Catchwords——Taking Internet Catchwords from 2009 to 2018 as an Example

基于对照语言学理论和语料分析,聚焦考察汉日网络新语·流行语的构词法异同,并试图探索中日语言文化的互动机制,旨在开拓构词研究的新视角,并对其异同原因进行阐释。总体看来,汉日网络新语·流行语构词法“大同小异”。“大同”体现在都可以分为新造语、借用语和转用语三类;都具有追新求异和简化趋势。“小异”表现为汉语构词法呈“形义统一”模式,很少突破现有的语法形态规范,多运用有限的语音形式去丰富词汇系统;日语构词法呈“形义多容”模式,部分词语流行后语法形态发生变化,结合外来语促进构词方式发展。二者构词法的异同来自汉、日民族对语言演化传播识解和语言特质的异同。

Based on the theory of comparative linguistics and detailed corpus analysis,this paper focuses on the similarities and differences of the structure of Chinese and Japanese new words and buzzwords,aiming to open up new perspectives on word formation research.It can be found that although there are some similarities in word-formation methods between the two languages,they can be divided into four categories:loanwords,compound words,derivatives and abbreviations.However,there are also differences in the ways of epithet and derivative communication.The wordformation of Chinese and Japanese Internet catchwords is on the surface a method of word generation and formation,and in the deep sense it is a reflection of social life and cultural psychology.