柳田国男“人神信仰论”的变迁

Research on the Change of Kunio Yanagita’s Theory of Man-god Belief

柳田国男的人神信仰论以1943年为界,可以分为前后两期。前期的人神信仰论包含氏神信仰和御灵信仰,但到了后期,御灵信仰消失,人神信仰全部归入氏神信仰,他提出所有日本人都会数度转生并最终化为氏神。柳田人神信仰论的前后期变化,从本质上来说是致力于日本民族的文化认同和新国家学的“发明”。因此,柳田国男的人神信仰论既有其巨大的民俗学贡献,同时也具有迎合战争的策略性局限。

Kunio Yanagita's theory of Man-god Belief,formed in 1943,can be divided into two periods.In the early period,the theory of Man-god Belief included Ancestor-god Belief and Ghost Belief but in the later period,Ghost Belief disappeared,and Man-god Belief was all included in Ancestor-god Belief.It was proposed that all Japanese would be reborn several times and eventually become Ancestor-gods.The early and late changes of Kunio Yanagita's theory of Man-god Belief are essentially an"invention"which is ascribed to the cultural identity of the Japanese nation and the new national science.Therefore,Kunio Yanagita's theory of Man-god Belief not only reprents a tremendous contribution to folklore,but also has strategic limitations to cater to the war.