基因编辑技术在哺乳动物上的研究应用进展

Advances in Genome Editing Technologies in Mammals

基因编辑技术是近几年兴起的对目标基因组进行高效、定点、精准编辑的技术,主要通过人工核酸内切酶在基因组特定位点进行双链断裂,从而引入DNA片段插入或缺失,实现靶位点的基因敲除、基因定点突变和基因修复等.基因编辑技术被广泛运用在多种动物上,取得了重要成果,前景广阔.文章对基因编辑的发展历程以及在多种哺乳动物上的研究现状和进展进行综述,并对技术瓶颈进行讨论.

Genome editing technologies are emerging biotechnologies which could be used to edit target genome sequence efficiently,site-specificly and accurately.These technologies were implemented mainly through breaking the genome DNA double-strand by artifical nucleic acid enzymes and inducing insertion/deletion to achieve target-site gene knock out,site-directed mutagenesis,or gene correction,etc.Genome editing technologies have been widely used in many animals and brought many breakthroughts.In this article,we summarized the developments of genome editing technologies and reaserch progresses in mammals,as well as their limitations.