旁分泌因子促进家畜卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎发育的研究

Effects of Paracrine Factors During in vitro Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryo Development in Domestic Animals

1984年,旭日干先生在日本成功培育出世界首例试管山羊,开创了体外受精技术引领的家畜品种改良新时代.之后,旭日干先生带领内蒙古大学科研团队,在1989年培育出了中国首例首批试管牛和试管羊.在此基础上,人们不断优化体外卵母细胞成熟、受精和胚胎发育的技术路线,摸索出更高效的试管动物制备方法.卵母细胞体外成熟技术是制备试管动物的关键技术之一.在生理条件下,卵巢内的卵母细胞成熟过程受到众多激素和旁分泌因子的调控.人们通过在体外培养体系中添加相应的激素和旁分泌因子,以期提高卵母细胞体外成熟效率.最近,我们发现,旁分泌因子GDNF可以提高牛卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育效率;CTGF,SDF-1,HGF,NGF四种因子的组合使用可以提高绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育效率.本文将综述这些旁分泌因子对卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发育的促进作用,并提出相关领域未来的研究和应用方向.

In 1984,Dr.Shorgan successfully obtained the world’s first IVF goat in Japan,opening a new era of livestock breed improvement by in vitro fertilization technology.In 1989,leading a research team in Inner Mongolia University,Dr.Shorgan produced the first batch of IVF cattle and sheep in China.From then on,researchers kept optimizing the technologies of in vitro oocyte maturation,fertilization and embryo development and exploring more efficient methods for in vitro animal productionI.n vitro oocyte maturation is one of the key techniques for producing IVF animals.Under physiological condition,oocyte maturation is regulated by a number of hormones and paracrine factors in the ovary.Therefore,the researchers added different hormones and paracrine factors into the culture medium to mimic the physiological condition,in order to get better in vitro oocyte maturation outcomes.Recently,we found that paracrine factor GDNF could improve maturation of bovine oocytes and development of early embryos in vitro.We also found that the combination of CTGF,SDF-1,HGF and NGF could improve in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and early embryos development.This article discussed the roles of these paracrine factors in oocyte maturation and embryo development and proposed the future research and application directions in this field.