从地方性知识的视域看坎布里亚羊事件

On Event of Cumbrian Sheep from the View of the Local Knowledge

上世纪发生在英国的"坎布里亚羊事件"是科学传播领域的一个经典案例。从科学实践哲学中地方性知识的视域重新审视这一事件的始末与影响,可以看到,科学家所掌握的科学知识与农场主世代相传的经验都属于地方性知识,这一事件中科学家对农场主所拥有的地方性知识的忽略,科学判断上的错误,政策制定上的不合理,究其根本,是这两种地方性知识的冲突以及地方性知识观在科学实践中的缺失所致。地方性知识观所强调的知识的地方性,实践性与多元性对于避免这种冲突与错误具有重要的意义。

"The event of Cumbrian Sheep" happened in the United Kingdom in the last century is a classic case in the field of science communication.Reviewing this event from the perspective of local knowledge of Philosophy of Scientific Practice,we can see,scientific knowledge and farmer’s knowledge both belong to local knowledge. In the event,the conflict of event exactly between these two local knowledges which lead to scientist ignoring the farmer’s local knowledge,errors of scientific judgment and unreasonable policy. The locality,practicality and diversity of knowledge emphasized by the local knowledge view are of great significance to avoid such conflicts and mistakes.