主观幸福感代际传递：有调节的中介效应

Intergenerational Transmission of Subjective Well-Being: Moderated Mediating Effect

采用问卷法考察父母的主观幸福感与子女的主观幸福感的代际传递效应,同时探讨亲子沟通的中介作用和子女情感自主性的调节作用。结果发现:(1)父母的主观幸福感显著预测初中生子女的主观幸福感;(2)亲子沟通在父母的主观幸福感影响初中生子女的主观幸福感中起部分中介作用;(3)子女的情感自主性可以调节亲子沟通对初中生子女主观幸福感的影响,情感自主性低的子女的主观幸福感更容易受到亲子沟通的影响,而情感自主性高的个体则会减弱亲子沟通的作用。

Subjective well-being is an important content of positive psychology. The adolescent period is the key to individuals’ growth and development. Studies of adolescences’ subjective well-being can not only enrich the research of developmental psychology, but also help the adolescents get better sense of well-being as well as promote their development of mental health. According to the developmental conceptualism, individuals’ development is realized by the continuous social interactions between them and their situations. Family environment is the most important environment for the growth and development of children, adolescents and parents. As the main component of family environment, it plays a vital role in the growth of children and adolescence. Previous studies have shown that aggression, marital conflict, education achievements and so on have intergenerational transmission effects, while there are few studies on the intergenerational transmission effect of subjective happiness. Therefore, the first purpose of the current study was to test whether subjective happiness of parents would affect their children’s subjective well-being. In the family, parent-child communication is an indispensable link, and a large part of the influence of parents on adolescence is through the function of verbal communication. Therefore, the second purpose of this study was to test whether the parent-child communication exerted an intermediary effect between subjective happiness of parents and that of the adolescents. Adolescent individuals pursue emotional independence and gradually establish emotional connections outside the family. As a result, individuals with different emotional autonomy may have different levels of communication with their parents. Therefore, the third purpose of this study was to test whether emotional autonomy of adolescents played a moderating role.Taking the adolescents of middle school students and their parents in 292 families as the research objects, the intergenerational transmission effect of subjective well-being of parents and that of the adolescents was investigated by the questionnaire survey method, and the mediating effect of parent-child communication and the moderating effect of adolescents’ emotional autonomy were also discussed. The results showed that:(1) Parents’ subjective well-being could significantly predict the subjective well-being of middle school adolescents.(2) Parent-child communication played a partial mediation role in parents’ subjective well-being and the subjective well-being of middle school adolescents.(3) Adolescents’ emotional autonomy could regulate the influence of parent-child communication on the subjective well-being in middle school adolescents. Adolescents with low emotional autonomy were more likely to be affected by parent-child communication in their subjective well-being, while individuals with high emotional autonomy would reduce the effect of parent-child communication.The results of this study not only enriched the previous studies on the factors of subjective well-being, but also added the intergenerational transmission theory in the field of psychology. It explained the mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission effect of subjective well-being, and provided theoretical basis and guidance for the cultivation of parent-child relationship and the establishment of children’s positive emotion. However, there were some limitations in this study. For example, subjective reporting method was mainly adopted in the measurement of subjects, because there might be social desirability. In addition, this study took subjective well-being of adolescents as the dependent variable, and adopted the method of cross-sectional study. It was impossible to determine whether this relationship still existed over time.