“统分结合”的创新与农业适度规模经营——基于新田地种植专业合作社的案例分析

Innovation of Integration of Unification and Separation and the Agricultural Moderate Large-Scale Management:Case Study of Xintiandi Planting Cooperative

本文基于河南省荥阳市新田地农民合作社的实践,从合作社组织结构和制度设计的角度,解释了该合作社何以在当前"地价上升、粮价低迷"时期仍能保持经营规模不缩减、经营绩效不下滑的内在机制。研究表明,该合作社成功的关键经验是处理好了"统"与"分"的关系,探索出了一种与传统农业经营方式不同的统分结合新形式:合作社通过对农业社会化服务的统一组织管理,收获了规模收益;并在统一服务的框架内设计出了数个"分"的机制,降低了规模化经营成本,较好地解决了国内多数新型农业经营主体"因‘统’得较多、‘分’得不够"所导致的生产成本较高的弊端。本文的研究结论对如何在统分结合的农村基本经营制度下进一步推进农业适度规模经营具有重要启示。

This paper is based on the case of a farmer cooperative and raised a question-why the farmer cooperative can maintain the management scale and achieve management performance well during the time when the price of land is raising and the price of grain is low. Therefore,this paper analyzed the organization structure,main business and the critical design of system of the cooperative organization. This paper has found that the key of formation of cooperatives performance is to balance the "unification"and "separation"of agricultural management. Specifically,cooperatives achieved returns to scale by unifying the organization and management of the whole process of agricultural social services. Besides,several separated mechanisms were designed in the unified service,which has reduced the cost of scale management dramatically and better solved the high production costs caused by the over unification and the lack of differentiation. This study has some enlightenment for promoting largescale agricultural management in China: first,large-scale agricultural management should also pay attention to the combination of "unification"and "separation";second,the subjects of "separation"are not necessarily rural collective economic organization,and we should give full play to the role of the new agricultural management entity in the "unification";last but not least,the practice of new land cooperatives indicates that the large-scale service is an optional way to realize the large-scale of agriculture.