欧盟与意大利的财政预算之争

The Budget Battle Between the European Union and Italy

意大利与欧盟这个“超国家”(super nation)组织之间的政府间财政关系是本文关注的焦点。迫于国内压力,意大利希望背靠欧盟“大树好乘凉”,在自身社保等问题上“狮子大张口”,扩大意大利财政赤字以“吃欧盟的大锅饭”;而欧盟则希望凭借《稳定与增长公约》,迫使意大利在财政赤字率和债务率上坚守欧盟底线,向别的成员国“立威”,以此推动欧盟这条“大船”继续破浪前行。本文首先从失业率、人均GDP、政府债务和银行业危机四个方面综合分析了意大利目前的经济状况,并在此基础上探讨了意大利新政府进行财政改革的原因,最后针对意大利财政预算案需要欧盟批准的缘由进行分析。本文认为,欧盟与意大利同时面临的两难困境将使“预算之争”愈演愈烈,最终导致双方不可避免的让步。此外,意大利“预算之争”亦折射出欧盟经济一体化的内在矛盾。

This paper focuses on the intergovernmental relationship between Italy and the EU.Under domestic pressure,Italy hopes to rely on the EU as a backing,puts forward excessive requirements in various aspects such as its own social security and wants to expand the fiscal deficit to benefit from the EU distribution institution.But the EU hopes to force Italy to stick to its baseline in fiscal deficit rate and debt rate through the restriction of“Stability and Growth Pact”.At the same time,the EU can establish prestige in front of other member states and make the union develop steadily.This paper first analyzes the current economic situation of Italy from the aspects of unemployment rate,per capita GDP,government debt,and banking crisis.On this basis,it discusses the reasons for the fiscal reform of the new Italian government,and finally analyzes the reasons why the Italian budget needs EU approval.This paper believes that the dilemma faced by the EU and Italy will make the“budget dispute”intensified,and eventually both sides will have to make concessions.In addition,the“budget dispute”also reflects the inherent contradictions of EU economic integration.