晚清时期日本对华茶国际市场的侵夺

Japan’s Plunder of China’s International Tea Market in the Late Qing Dynasty

日本“开国”以后,以茶叶出口为原始资本积累的重要手段,在国际茶叶市场的竞争中视中国茶业为对手。在对清朝茶业细致周密调查、情报汇集和分析的基础上,针对清朝茶业生产工艺优势、营销和运输等环节中存在的问题,扬长避短,调整策略,从而在国际市场上排挤了中国茶叶。日本在抢占了中国绿茶北美市场后,转向对中国红茶、砖茶俄罗斯市场的抢占,重点调查汉口红茶、砖茶的生产、技术、运输和贸易等,以确定相应对策。由于日本政府在资金、生产设备、技术改进、茶叶品质监督和市场调查等方面积极支持日本茶业,故能抢占清朝茶业的国际市场份额。

After taking the Opening-up policy,Japan took tea export as an important means of primitive capital accumulation and regarded Chinese tea industry as its rival in the competition of international tea market.Japan adjusted the strategy and therefore made a run on Chinese tea in the international market,discarding the problems existing in China's production process,marketing and transportation of the tea industry in the Qing dynasty after their careful investigation,intelligence collection and analysis of China's tea industry.After Japan occupied most of green tea market in North America,it turned to China's black tea and brick tea market in Russia.Japan focused on the production,technology,transportation and trade of black tea and brick tea in Hankou and took up certain countermeasures.The Japanese government actively supported the Japanese tea industry in terms of capital,production equipment,technical improvement,quality supervision and market research,so that it was able to seize the market share of the tea industry of China in the Qing dynasty.