“敬敷”与“求是”之间:清季安徽的中西学之争

Between “Jingfu Academy” and “Qiushi School”:Dispute between Chinese and Western Academia in Anhui in the Late Qing Dynasty

若以传统书院和新(西)式学堂的此消彼长作为清季中西学之争的观察切片,安徽敬敷书院和求是学堂同城并存及演变的历程则不应被忽视。敬敷书院虽有变通,但仍固守以义理为核心的中学,而求是学堂则追求以实用为核心的西学,开皖省风气之先。从深层次上看,二者互竞所带来的学风嬗变及士人心态变迁,映现出了清季中西学之间颇具意味的对抗与调适过程,为进一步研究晚清以降中国高等教育从传统形态向现代形态过渡的曲折过程,提供了一个具体而微的例子。

If Chinese Academy and Western School are used as observation slices,the coexistence and evolution process of Jingfu Academy and Qiushi School should not be ignored in the study of the dispute between Chinese and Western academia in Anhui of the late Qing Dynasty.Although seeking to enhance flexibility,Jingfu Academy still adhered to Chinese academia centered on moral principle.Whereas Qiushi School,the groundbreaking head of modern education of Anhui Province,pursued Western Academia centered on practicality.The evolution of the style of studies and the change of the mental state of the scholars were caused by competing between two schools.This situation reflected more meaningful confrontation and adjustment process between Chinese and Western studies in the late Qing Dynasty and provided a concrete and microscopic example for the further study of the tortuous transition process of higher education in China from traditional form to modern form in the late Qing Dynasty.