三角帆蚌育珠蚌群体生长性状和转录组差异分析

Comparative Analysis of Growth Traits and Transcriptome in Selective Breeding Populations of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

为比较3个三角帆蚌(鹰蚌、超长蚌、纵纹蚌)育珠蚌选育群体(经过2代选育的鹰蚌、超长蚌、纵纹蚌)幼蚌之间的差异,于2014年和2015年分两次随机抽取同批繁殖且在同一池塘养殖的不同群体幼蚌各40只,测量其贝壳形态学、质量等生长性状指标。统计学分析结果表明,鹰蚌群体偏宽型,纵纹蚌群体偏高型,超长蚌偏长型;鹰蚌和纵纹蚌两个群体幼蚌在形态上更为相近;鹰蚌群体具明显壳宽和壳高生长优势,而超长蚌群体具明显壳长生长优势。推测鹰蚌作为育珠蚌更适合内脏囊插核,将有利于大颗粒优质有核珠的培育;超长蚌作为育珠蚌更适合外套膜插片,有利于无核珠的培育。利用Illumina高通量测序技术研究鹰蚌和超长蚌幼蚌肝胰腺组织转录组的表达差异情况。筛选出差异表达unigenes共63 098条,其中显著性差异表达基因388个,显著富集的上的GO条目主要参与各类物质代谢过程的调节、生物合成过程的调节以及基因表达的调节等生物学过程,显著富集上的KEGG通路为代谢通路中半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路和柠檬酸循环通路。研究结果可为三角帆蚌的优良品种选育和育珠实践提供科学指导。

In order to find out the differences within three operative selective breeding populations of freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii,40 juvenile mussels from each population in the same reproduction batch and farmed in the same pond were obtained randomly in 2014 and in 2015 respectively.After measuring the parameters of growth traits,such as shell morphology and body weight,statistical analysis methods were conducted for comparison.Results showed that the external feature of triangle mussel of Yindbang(YB)was relatively broad type,Zongwenbang(ZWB)and Chaochangbang(CB)were relatively long type and flat type,YB and ZWB populations being more similar in morphology.The YB population had obvious advantages in the growth of shell width and shell height,which is more suitable for inserting beads nuclei into its mantles as a breeding mussel in order to cultivate high-quality nucleated pearls with large particles.While,CB population had obvious advantages in the growth of shell length,which is more suitable for inserting graft tissue pieces into mantle and had a potential advantage for production of non-nucleated pearls.Then,the transcriptome analysis of YB and CB populations were constructed using the next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology.After sequencing,63 098 unigenes were identified.Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis of these unigenes indicated that most of the DEGs were correlated to biological process including regulation of metabolic process,biosynthetic process and gene expression process.There were 2 enriched pathways by pathway enrichment analysis,including Cysteine and methionine metabolism pathway and Citrate cycle pathway.The finding provides a theoretical basis and technical support for selective breeding of operative mussel in H.cumingii.