应对干旱的黄河干流骨干水库群联合调度研究

Study on the Joint Operation of Key Reservoirs to Cope with Drought in the Yellow River Main Stream

黄河流域水资源贫乏,干旱枯水年份水资源供需矛盾尖锐,农田灌溉缺水问题突出,科学调度黄河干流梯级水库群对于有序应对黄河干旱、提高水库群抗旱减灾效果具有重要作用。针对黄河流域农业旱情形势及旱情分布,分析干旱枯水年份黄河来水与农业旱情需水间的响应关系,构建了以流域综合缺水量最小为目标的黄河干流骨干水库群联合调度模型。选取黄河流域发生重旱的1994年作为典型年进行调度分析,提出了汛期(7—10月)、凌汛期(12月—次年2月)、用水高峰期(3—6月)黄河干流骨干水库群的蓄补水量方案,全年黄河干流骨干水库群联合补水量为37.8亿m^3,通过判别供水重要性,保证了农业用水户作物灌溉关键期供水,减轻了农业缺水程度,控制上中下游农业缺水率基本在25%左右,减轻了流域旱情。结果表明:通过黄河干流骨干水库群联合调度,减轻了黄河上中下游不同地区的缺水程度,实现了黄河上中下游地区缺水均衡,提高了流域抗旱能力。

The Yellow River basin is short of water resources.In dry years,there is a sharp contradiction between water supply and demand,and a serious shortage of irrigation water.Scientific cascade reservoirs operation in the main stream of the Yellow River plays an important role in coping with drought of the Yellow River in an orderly way and improving the effect of drought resistance and disaster reduction.According to the agricultural drought situation and drought distribution in the Yellow River basin,the response relationship between incoming water of the Yellow River and agricultural drought demand in dry years was analyzed and the joint operation model of the key reservoirs in the Yellow River main stream with the minimum comprehensive water shortage as the objective was constructed.Selecting 1994 the severe drought oc?curred in the Yellow River basin as the typical year for operation analysis,and the schemes of water storage and replenishment for the key reservoirs in the Yellow River main stream during the flood season(July to October),the ice flood season(December to March the next year)and the peak water consumption(March to June)were put forward,the replenishment amount of key reservoirs in the main stream of the Yellow River was 3.78 billion m^3 in the whole year,by identifying the importance of water supply,in key periods of crop irrigation the water supply for agricultural users was guaranteed,the degree of agricultural water shortage was reduced,the water shortage rate in the up?per,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was basically controlled by about 25%and the drought situation in the Yellow River basin had been effectively alleviated.The results show that the water shortage in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River can be al?leviated by the joint operation of key reservoirs,the water shortage in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River can be bal?anced and the drought resistance ability of the river basin can be improved.