上海市奉贤区涉外人员输入性疟疾防治的知信行调查

Cross sectional study on knowledge,attitude and practice of malaria among outbound people in Fengxian District,Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市奉贤区涉外人员输入性疟疾防治知识、态度、行为现况,为制定输入性疟疾防治策略提供基础数据。【方法】采用分层随机抽样方法,从奉贤区东西南北中5个方位各随机抽取1个调查点,选择在2014年6月—2017年6月期间至少出入疟疾流行国家一次的涉外人员作为调查对象,收集其人口学资料和疟疾防治知识、态度、行为信息。采用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。【结果】在586名涉外人员中,疟疾防治知识总知晓率为45.12%,疟疾核心知识知晓率为50.17%。其中,文化程度为高中以上者疟疾核心知识知晓率高于初中及以下文化水平者(χ^2=29.90,P<0.01);从事医务、技术工作者对防治疟疾最佳办法和核心知识的知晓率更高(χ^2=41.00,χ^2=42.93,P<0.01)。高中以上文化程度和医务、技术人员出国前接受知识宣传率更高(χ^2=13.06,χ^2=28.68,P<0.05);涉外人员疟疾防治态度积极,但对蚊帐、驱蚊药使用率和防治药物携带率均较低。【结论】奉贤区涉外人员疟疾知识知晓率较低,受到文化程度、职业的影响,应加强对涉外人员更具针对性和专业性的疟疾防治宣传教育。

[Objective]To investigate malaria-related knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)among the outbound people entering and returning from countries or areas with endemic malaria,in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of malaria.[Methods]By stratified random sampling method,one survey point was selected five directions in the east,west,south,north and middle in Fengxian District,Shanghai.Within each survey point,the outbound people were investigated who had entered or left malaria epidemic countries at least once.Information about demography and the knowledge,attitude and behavior of malaria were collected from them.The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis on information obtained.[Results]Among the 586 subjects,the total awareness proportion of malaria-related knowledge and core knowledge was 45.12%and 50.17%respectively.Outbound people with higher education level(high-school or above),had a higher awareness of malaria core knowledge(χ^2=29.90,P<0.01)than those with lower education level(middle-school or below).Medical and technical workers had higher awareness of the best malaria prevention method and core knowledge(χ^2=41.00 and 42.93,P<0.01).Medical and technical workers,and people who had received higher education tended to accept higher proportion of malaria knowledge propaganda before going abroad(χ^2=13.06 and 28.68,P<0.05).Outbound people had a positive attitude towards malaria prevention and treatment,but the rate of using mosquito net,insecticide and taking preventive drug was low.[Conclusion]The knowledge of malaria proves to be still low among outbound people,which is related to their education level and occupation.Therefore,health education of malaria should be more specific and professional in order to improve the knowledge of malaria for those outbound.