罗马法为权利论题奠定的三个传统

The Three Traditions of Roman Law that Paved Wway to the Modern Rights Talks

罗马法传统中的法权合一传统、权诉合一传统和人与物二分传统对权利概念和权利分类标准的形成而言具有本源性。现代法学以不同术语区分的“法”和“权”两个概念在古代罗马法中是统一在拉丁语“Ius”一词表达的概念中的,这种法权合一传统的影响至今仍驱之不散。罗马法特定时期中的“诉(actio)”一词包含了现代法中的权利意思,它与ius共同为现代法的权利话语奠定了言说的基础。罗马法将法分为人法与物法,又将诉区分为对人之诉与对物之诉则是现代权利区分理论的基础。法学家、哲学家们在不同时代为罗马法文本注入属于其时代的新价值,使其成为传导时代价值的媒介。

In Roman law tradition,the confusion of right and law,the confusion of right and action as well as the dichotomy of person and thing constitute the origin of the modern right concept and the theory of division of rights.The concepts of“law”and“right”in modern jurisprudence are unified in the concept of“Ius”in ancient Roman law,and its influence has not scattered.In specific period of Roman law,the word"actio"contains the meaning of rights in modern law.It lays the foundation for the rights talk of modern law together with ius.The Roman law divided the law into De Personis and De Rebus,and further divided the actio into actio in personam and atcio in rem.In different eras,jurists and philosophers injected new values into the Roman text,making it a medium that transmits the values of their times.