《德国著作权法》自由使用制度研究

Research on the Free Use in the German Copyright Law

德国法中的自由使用与我国当前《著作权法实施条例》第21条一样,一般概括式地规定了无偿使用他人作品情形,但其并不对《德国著作权法》中列举的“合理使用”情形进行限定,且判断标准为“作品”与“独立性”。值我国《著作权法》修订之际,立法者可参考德国的自由使用制度对我国合理使用进行重塑,有必要将合理使用“一般条款”引入《著作权法》,并且将其与当前《著作权法》中12种合理使用具体列举情形分开规定。藉此以完善我国《著作权法》中著作权权利限制性规则的条款体系,帮助厘清合理使用具体列举情形与一般规定的适用关系,并且也有利于后续新创作的发展。

The free use in Germany,as well as the article 21 of Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law,resumptively provides description about free use,while it does not restrict enumerated“fair use”clauses in the national copyright law,and its’criteria are“work”and“independence”.As China is revising Copyright Law,the system of free use in Germany may be referred to the system of fair use in China.Through introducing“general clause”into the Copyright Law,while separating it from the twelve categories of fair use listed in Copyright Law.It might improve the restrictive rules of copyright rights in the Copyright Law,and would helpful to clarify the applicable condition between the general provision of fair use and enumerated fair use clauses,and also contribute to the development of subsequent new creations.