改革开放40年我国学前教育事业的发展与改革

Development and Reform of Preschool Education in China after 40 years of Reform and Opening up

改革开放40年,随着我国社会主义经济、政治、文化的全面发展,学前教育事业取得了令人瞩目的成就。学前教育管理体制得到完善,构建“地方负责、分级管理”机制;学前教育公共服务体系日益成熟,财政投资显著增长;学前教育观念逐步改变,树立幼儿为中心的教育理念;建构多元化社会教师发展体系,幼师队伍质量提升。但同时也面临着普惠性学前教育资源供不应求,农村学前教育发展迟缓,幼儿教师师资短缺、素质不高,教师队伍建设亟待加强等诸多挑战。促进学前教育事业政府职能转变,建构本土化幼儿园课程,构建多层次多规格教师教育体系,挖掘乡村学前教育的独特价值等措施,是解决上述问题的根本路径。

In the 40 years of reform and opening up,with the comprehensive development of China’s socialist economy,politics and culture,preschool education has made many remarkable achievements.The management system of preschool education has been improved,and put forward the principle of“local responsibility,hierarchical management”;the public service system for preschool education has become increasingly mature,and financial investment has increased significantly.The change of preschool education theory makes children become the master of education.Construction of a diversified social teacher development system to improve the quality of preschool teachers.However,there are still some challenges,such as the shortage of inclusive preschool education resources,the slow development of rural preschool education,the shortage of preschool teachers,the low quality of preschool teachers,and the urgent need to strengthen the construction of teachers.The fundamental measures to deal with the above problems are to promote the transformation of government functions in preschool education,to construct localized kindergarten curriculum,to construct multi-level and multi-standard teacher education system,and to excavate the unique value of rural preschool education.