南亚国家的环境安全纽带对落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程的影响

Nexus Security Challenges in South Asia and the Implications for 2030 SDG Agenda

长期以来,南亚生态环境、水安全和气候等问题一直困扰区域发展,南亚地区水争议集中在布拉马普特河,涉及中国西藏地区、印度和孟加拉国。该流域地区长期存在着经济落后、能源贫困、自然灾害和水资源主权争议等问题,而气候变化危机加剧了资源、环境和社会经济问题之间的矛盾,影响该地区可持续发展。以环境资源竞争与政治实力捆绑的安全观使问题更为复杂。南亚安全纽带与联合国2020年可持续发展目标的诸多方面息息相关。如何秉承联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)的精神,从气候、水、能源相联系的纽带视角出发讨论现有的南亚水争端问题,以发展主导取代竞争主导,并研究加强南亚地区落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程,具有重要意义。

The problems of ecological environment,water security and climate in South Asia have long plagued regional development.Water disputes in South Asia are concentrated on the Brahmaputt River,involving Tibet,India and Bangladesh.Economic backwardness,energy poverty,natural disasters and water resources sovereignty disputes have long been intertwined in the basin area,while climate change crisis.The conflict among resources,environment and socio-economic issues has been aggravated,which affects the sustainable development of the region.The security concept,which ties the competition for environment and resources with political strength,makes the problem more complicated.South Asian security ties are closely linked to many aspects of the United Nations sustainable development goals for 2020.In the spirit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),this paper aims at discussing the existing water disputes in South Asia from the perspective of climate,water and energy linkages,replacing competition with development,and studying how to strengthen the implementation of the United Nations sustainable development agenda in South Asia in 2030.