三峡库区重庆段城区沿江水质特征与健康风险

Water Quality Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing along the Yangtze River

为了解三峡库区重庆段城区沿江水质的特征及其对人体健康的潜在风险,于2013年6月和8月在其9个点位采集了18个表层水样,并分析了其水质特征。结果表明:除了NH4^+-N和Pb外,三峡库区重庆段城区沿江水体的其他指标均符合《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准。由美国EPA推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型可知,其基因毒物质Cd的健康风险为1.36×10^-6~1.24×10^-5 a^-1(6月)和1.27×10^-6~1.07×10^-5 a^-1(8月),躯体毒物质健康风险表现为Pb>Cu>F->NH4^+-N,其中非致癌物质Pb的健康风险为3.68×10^-6~2.47×10^-5 a^-1(6月)和2.30×10^-6~2.28×10^-5 a^-1(8月)。总体看来,三峡库区重庆段沿江水环境不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。

To research the water quality characteristics and its potential risk on health, 18 surface water samples were collected in 9 sites along the Yangtze River from the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing in June and August 2013,and the contaminants in water samples were analyzed by standard methods.The result showed that the water quality in study area met the level II according to Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards(GB 3838-2002),except NH4^+-N and Pb.Through the risk assessment model for environmental health from UE EPA, the health risk of carcinogenic substance of Cd exposed were 1.36×10^-6 ~1.24×10^-5 a^-1 in June and 1.27×10^6~1.07×10^-5 a^-1 in August, and the health risk of noncarcinogenic substance of Pb exposed were 3.68×10^-6~2.47×10^-5 a^-1 in June and 2.30×10^-6~2.28×10^-5 a^-1 in August. On the whole, the water quality evaluation along the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing indicated that there would be no obvious harm to exposure population group.