超常教育视角下潜在科学创造性人才的成长特点及教育启示

Unpacking the Characteristics of the Growth of Scientific Creative Talents and Educational Insights from the Perspective of Gifted Education

文章从超常教育视角出发,采用历史测量法对91名能收集到丰富资料的历届“挑战杯”全国大学生竞赛特等奖和一等奖获得者进行研究,通过考察其获奖后的科研成果、职业发展历程、人格特征等变量,以对潜在科学人才的辨识与培养提供实证支持。研究结果表明:(1)全国“挑战杯”竞赛获奖者属于潜在科学创造性人才;(2)影响潜在科学创造性人才成长的3种最主要的重要事件,分别是偶发事件的启发、大学学术氛围的熏陶、国外学习和进修;贤明导师的支持和指导是潜在科学创新人才获得科学成就的重要因素;(3)潜在科学创新人才的主要人格特征包括坚持不懈、创新思维、不畏艰苦、聪慧、追求卓越和有理想等,主要涉及意志品质、学习/工作态度和智能这三个方面。根据上述研究结果,提出了超常融合教育等建议。

From the perspective of gifted education,the study adopts a histometric method in examining the post-competition performance of 91 special prize and the first prize winners in“Challenge Cup”National College Student Competition.A thorough analysis of the rich information collected from the winners include the scientific research achievements,career development,and personality changes in the individual after winning the award.The study aims to provide empirical support for the identification and training of potential scientific talents.The results indicate that:(1)The winners of the national“Challenge Cup”competition can be identified as potential scientific creative talents;(2)The growth of potential scientific creative talents is most likely affected by three factors,i.e.,the inspiration drawn from incidents,the academic atmosphere of the university,and overseas learning and further education experience.The support and guidance from the academic mentor play a significant role in assisting the talents making the scientific achievements;(3)The main personality traits of potential scientific creative talents include perseverance,innovative thinking,fearless of hardship,high intelligence,pursuit of excellence,and determinedness.These identified characteristics span aspects of personal will and character,attitude toward learning or work,and intelligence.Based on the research findings,suggestions for adopting an integrated curriculum model in gifted education are proposed.