印度族群冲突成因的两条解释路径及其局限性分析

Two Approaches of Analyzing Ethnic Conflicts in India and Their Limitations

在解释印度族群冲突成因方面,既有的解释可被归类为两条路径,即政治解释路径与非政治解释路径。在政治解释路径中,既有解释主要包括精英动员论、身份建构论、政治制度和国家政策论;非政治解释路径主要从公民社会交往程度、全球化与经济竞争、人口迁移、身份差异、国际因素、现代性与反现代性出发分析印度族群冲突。印度族群冲突成因复杂,两条既定解释路径的不足是:强调单一解释因素;没有说明因果机制;缺少一个宏观的解释框架以说明各种类型的族群冲突成因;没有提出一个印度政府应对冲突的治理模式。

Political approach and non-political approach have been used for observation of ethnic conflicts in India.The political approach focus on elite mobilization theory,identity construction theory,political institution and national policy theory;while the the non-political prefers perspectives from differed degree of civic engagement,globalization,economic competition,migration,identity difference,international factors,modernity and anti-modernity.Both approaches are suffering from insufficiencies such as over-emphasis on single factor,failure to explain causal mechanisms,lack of an macro framework to explain the causes of various types of ethnic conflicts.Both failed to propose a governance model which can be used by Indian governments when dealing with ethnic conflicts.