坡面水流水动力模型研究

Study on hydrodynamic model of slope flow

随着城市规模的快速增长,立交桥等陡坡道路建设过程中面临的积水问题越来越受到重视。为研究变坡水槽降雨径流的水力学特征,借鉴一维坡面流的基本方程,以Roe格式近似黎曼解方法为基础,建立了模拟自然降雨条件下不同坡度坡面流运动情况的数学模型,通过人工降雨实验验证了16种工况下流速的拟合情况。实验结果显示,实测值和计算值之间的相对误差在0.6%~17.4%之间波动,总体上维持在15%以内。计算值和实测值表明,坡面流速、水深跟降雨强度和坡度均成正比关系,符合实际情况。同时,两者之间表现出较好的拟合度,说明了该模型具备模拟坡面薄层水流的能力。

With the rapid growth of urban scale,more and more attention is paid on the problem of water logging faced in the construction of the steep-slope road for overpass,etc.In order to study the hydraulic characteristics of rainfall runoff in variable slope flume,a mathematical model for simulating the movements of the slope flows on different slopes under the natural rainfall condition is established with the reference of the basic equation of one-dimensional slope flow by means of Roe scheme approximate Riemann solution method,and then the fittings of the flow velocities under 16 conditions are verified through the relevant artificial rainfall experiments.The experimental results show that the relative errors between the measured values and the calculated ones are fluctuated between 0.6%and 17.4%,and generally remain within 15%.Both the calculated and the measured values show that the slope flow velocity and the water depth are proportional to rainfall intensity and slope gradient,which accord with those of the actual situations.Meanwhile,better fitting exhibits between both of them,thus it is indicated that the model has the capacity to simulate the thin layer flow on slope.