输血前行输血相关传染病血清感染性指标检测临床意义

Clinical significance of detection of serum infectious indexes of transfusion-related infectious diseases before transfusion

目的探讨输血前行输血相关传染病的血清感染性指标检测的临床意义。方法选取自2016年6月至2018年6月收治的1 000例受血者为研究对象,患者输血前均行血清感染性指标[乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体、丙肝病毒(HCV)抗体、梅毒螺旋体(TP)抗体]检测。结果血清感染性指标检测阳性患者208例(20.8%),其中,HBsAg阳性患者138例(13.8%),HCV阳性患者62例(6.2%),TP阳性患者6例(0.6%),HIV阳性患者2例(0.2%),HBsAg与HCV均阳性患者5例(0.5%),HBsAg与HIV均阳性患者1例(0.1%)。男性患者血清感染性指标检测阳性率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。消化科、普外科患者血清感染性指标检测阳性率明显高于神经内科、呼吸科、肾内科、血液科、心血管科、妇产科及泌尿科,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输血前传染性疾病感染以HBsAg为主,消化科、普外科及男性患者感染性指标检测阳性率较高。输血前行血清感染性指标检测能保证输血安全,预防医源性感染,加强医护人员自我保护意识。

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the detection of serum infectious indexes of transfusion-related infectious diseases before transfusion.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 1 000 cases of blood recipients who were admitted from June 2016 to June 2018.Before transfusion,all patients were tested for serum infectious indicators[hepatitis b surface antigen(HBsAg),HIV antibody,hepatitis c virus(HCV)antibody,treponema pallidum(TP)antibody].Results There were 208(20.8%)patients with positive serum infectious indicators,including 138(13.8%)patients with positive HBsAg,62(6.2%)patients with positive HCV,6(0.6%)patients with positive TP,2(0.2%)patients with positive HIV,5(0.5%)patients with positive HBsAg and HCV,and 1(0.1%)patient with positive HBsAg and HIV.The positive rate of serum infectious indicators in male patients was significantly higher than that in female patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of detection of serum infectious indicators in the department of gastroenterology and general surgery was significantly higher than that in the department of neurology,department of respiratory medicine,department of nephrology,department of hematology,department of cardiovascular medicine,department of obstetrics and gynecology and department of urology,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion HBsAg was the main infectious disease before blood transfusion,and the positive rate of infectious index detection was higher in digestive department,general surgery department and male patients.The detection of serum infectious index before blood transfusion can ensure the safety of blood transfusion,prevent iatrogenic infection and strengthen the self-protection consciousness of medical staff.