从晚清中朝宗藩关系走势看藩属体系的衰败

The Decline of Feudal System from the Perspective of the Later Qing Dynasty’s Handling of China-Korean Clan Vassal Relations

19世纪60年代以来,中国原有的宗藩体系面临极大的危机,原有的藩属国安南、暹罗、缅甸等都与中国结束了宗藩关系。最终只剩下朝鲜一国还尊奉中国为宗主国。清政府为了维系住最后的藩属国,做了一些努力,从60年代的消极不干涉到80年代的“以夷制夷”最终又到实行全面干预,但是结果却是失败的。1895年,中日双方签订了《马关新约》,标志着中朝宗藩关系最终走向了灭亡。中朝宗藩关系的结束是大势所趋。中朝宗藩关系的结束标志着亚洲藩属体系的崩溃。

Since the 1860s,China's original suzerain-vassal system has faced a great challenge.The former vassal states,An'nan,Siam,and Myanmar all ended suzerain-vassal relations with China,leaving only Korea respecting China as suzerain.In order to maintain the last vassal state,the Qing government made efforts from negative non-intervention in the 1960s to“controlling foreigners by foreigners”in the 1980s to full-scale intervention,but the final result was a failure.After the singing the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895,the vassal relationship between China and Korea was inevitably ended,which marks the collapse of the suzerain-vassal relationship in Asia.